Comprehensive Reality-Based Sexuality Education Essay

Comprehensive Reality-Based Sexuality Education What is comprehensive, reality-based sexuality education? True comprehensive, reality-based sexuality education seeks to assist young people in understanding a positive view of sexuality, provide them with information and skills about taking care of their sexual health, and help them acquire skills to make decisions now and in the future. Ideally, sexuality education is taught in ways that are age- and experience-appropriate in kindergarten through 12th grade. It is taught by trained teachers who teach about: sexual development, reproductive health, interpersonal relationships, affection, intimacy, body image, and gender roles. The goal is to help young people grow into†¦show more content†¦The following list of values concerning sexuality was developed by the National Guidelines Task Force: Sexuality is a natural and healthy part of living. All persons are sexual. Every person has dignity and self worth. Individuals express their sexuality in varied ways. In a pluralistic society like the United States, people should respect and accept the diversity of values and beliefs about sexuality that exist in a community. Sexual relationships should never be coercive or exploitative. All children should be loved and cared for. All sexual decisions have effects or consequences. All persons have the right and the obligation to make responsible sexual choices. Individuals and society benefit when children are able to discuss sexuality with their parents and/or other trusted adults. Young people explore their sexuality as a natural process of achieving sexual maturity. Premature involvement in sexual behaviors poses risks. Abstaining from sexual intercourse is the most effective method of preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Young people who are involved in sexual relationships need access to information ab out health care services. [Guidelines for Comprehensive Sexuality Education, National Guidelines Task Force, SIECUS, 1991.] Why should schools be involved in sexuality education? WhileShow MoreRelatedComprehensive Sexual Education Of The United States1219 Words   |  5 PagesSmith refers to the inadequate sexual education of teenagers in the United States. Sexual education is the instruction on issues about bodily development, sex, sexuality, and relationships. Comprehensive sex education teaches about abstinence, condoms, and contraceptives to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancies. As well as, the skills needed to help young people explore their own values and options. Comprehensive sexual education should be taught in the United StatesRead MoreSexuality And Its Effect On Children Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pages Sexuality has always been a taboo topic of discussion in most societies. Whether it is talked about it casually among friends or for educational reasons, the subject of sex is bound to trigger some controversy. In contrast, with the exponential growth of technology, Internet, and social media, sexual images can be f ound with the click of a mouse. Here lies a great contradiction. If sex is so easily portrayed in media, why is so hard to talk about? Becoming educated about sexuality and achievingRead MoreTeenage Pregnancies And Std Contraction1342 Words   |  6 Pagesin rates of teenage pregnancies and STD contraction. What is it about the US and its approach to sexual education that produces such numbers amongst its youth? The prevailing sexuality education system in the US is abstinence-only sex education programs. Abstinence-only-until-marriage education in schools is highly destructive to its students in multiple ways. Abstinence-only sexuality education does more harm to students than good, and is shown to have adverse effects on its students. The CDC YouthRead MoreComprehensive Sexual Education Should Be Taught1240 Words   |  5 PagesWELL.† SMITH REFERS TO THE INADEQUATE SEXUAL EDUCATION OF TEENAGERS IN AMERICA. Sexual education is the instruction on issues about bodily development, sex, sexuality, and relationships. Comprehensive sex education teaches about abstinence, condoms, and contraceptives to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancies. As well as, the skills needed to help young people explore their own values and options. Comprehensive sexual education should be taught in public schools in theRead MoreSex Education Is A Process Of Building A Strong Foundation For Sexual Health1166 Words   |  5 PagesSex Education According to Rhiannon Lucy, â€Å"Sex education is a process that begins at birth and continues until the day you die. It is a process of building a strong foundation for sexual health†. There are many misconceptions and non-factual opinions that accompany along the topic of sexual education, even though it may constantly discussed. Sex may includes sexual development, reproduction, intimacy, gender roles and relationships. At home parents may be nervous when discussing this particular topicRead MoreShould Sex Education Be A Part Of The Necessary Curriculum?1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe debate over whether or not sex education should be a part of the necessary curriculum has been a popular topic of controversy since the 1960s (Pardini). Sex education is defined as â€Å"[a] broad term used to describe education about human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, and other aspects of human sexual behavior† (â€Å"Sex Education†, Science Daily). T oday in the United States, many people no longer feel that sex is a topic to be ignored or not mentioned in â€Å"polite society,†Read More Sex Education Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesSex Education Two drastic Emergency Room cases were handled in 1998 at Mary Washington Hospital. Concerned mothers brought their 12 year old daughters into the hospital thinking they were suffering from severe stomach pain or even appendicitis†¦both girls were actually in labor (Abstinence, 2002). The United States has the highest teen pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates in the Western world (Planned Parenthood, 2003). Are teens getting enough knowledge on sex and how to prevent STDs and unwantedRead MoreAbstinence-only vs. Abstinence-plus1607 Words   |  7 Pageseasy solution to this problem. Sex education should begin at home, and extend to include an effective program in schools that reinforce a clear message of abstaining from sexual activity in addition to informing students of the risks posed by engaging in sexual activity. The political, and religious dissension on this issue has resulted in a procedural stalemate preventing schools from effectively addressing the problem, and i mplement a comprehensive sex-education program that benefits young adultsRead MoreSexual Education Classes Should Be Taught1168 Words   |  5 Pagesproper education. Sexual Education classes should be mandatorily taught in public schools to benefit the adolescents who are more susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases, who are sexually active, and who lack positive decision making skills. â€Å"Educators feel apprehensive or unsure in tackling the topics of sex, sexuality, and sexual health. They feel very overawed about where to start or disorderly about what to teach and when to teach it.† (plannedparenthood.org) However, the sex education classesRead MoreThe, Birds And The Bees Analogy1575 Words   |  7 Pageswith sexuality. Such misconceptions like masturbation stunting growth and making one crazy as well as uterine suction preventing rape were also developed as a result of the time period. However, despite their openness, this period also pushed women to be delicate and submissive towards their partner . This is the twenty-first century, however, things have changed since back then. Ever since the Victorian era, both men and women have grown immensely more comfortable with with their sexuality. However

African American Civil Rights Movement - 1594 Words

Is it ever legitimate to resort to violence in politics? Reference to black power movement in American Civil Rights Movement. Violence is a physical force intended to hurt someone. Politics is a platform where the wellbeing is thought for the citizens and in America the politics and laws have been placed in order for the betterment of the American citizens. In this essay I will unravel many factors arguing whether violence is legitimate or whether it is a mean that is necessary to a more equal nation mostly focusing on the American Civil Rights movement and the black power. The idea of non violence has stemmed off Gandhi in many forms. Gandhi once quoted â€Å"Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man† and he fulfilled what he said. During the struggles of the segregation period in America, many organisations tried to raise their voice and were suppressed under the strict segregation laws of America separating whites and blacks in very racial ways. A Southern African American Church (SAAC) played a central role in generating acceptance of non violence in southern afro American communities. The church was the basis of the movement conveying that religion should be given importance more than anything else; religious faith is what influenced the non violent approach of the oppressed. Whilst strict regimes were in place, organisations like this stood out in a unique wayShow MoreRelatedThe African-American Civil Rights Movement1295 Words   |  5 Pages The African-American Civil Rights Movement is arguably the largest and most successful push towards toward change in American history. The movement was influenced by some of the biggest figures in American history as well, led by Martin Luther King Jr. and influenced by others such as president Kennedy and Johnson. Amongst the numerous protests and powerful speeches during the Civil Rights Movement perhaps the most prominent is the series of three marches in 1965 known today as the â€Å"Selma to Montgomery†Read MoreThe African American Civil Right Movement1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe African American Civil right movement in the late 1950’s and throughout the 1960’s was a powerful fight for equal opportunities to the basic rights and privileges outlined by the US government. During this movement thousands of African American individuals and those who believed in the power of the movement, battled against the piercing white supremacy through various tactics including grass root movements. The grass root movements in the 60’s was characterized by organizations of individualsRead MoreThe African American Civil Rights Movement1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe African American civil rights movement was a long journey for A frican American nationwide. The success involved many people, hardships and time in order to advance the African American community in America. The purpose of the movement was to achieve their rights, cease discrimination, and racial segregation. During the start of the African American civil rights movement, Africans Americans still were faced with Jim Crow laws which segregated them from whites. Under the Jim Crow laws AfricanRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1260 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans have fought for equality for a long period of time against desegregation and racism. It was an era where blacks couldn’t have the same rights as a white individual. African American were treated with hate and anger. The Civil Rights Movement is embodied in dramatic recorded speeches. Speeches like â€Å"I have A Dream†, the â€Å"Black Revolution†, and â€Å"Black Power’ and Coalition Politics. These speeches were written by great leaders. Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Bayard RustingRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1624 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the early 1950’s and 1960’s, the civil rights movement defined how African Americ ans progressed from being considered second class citizens to a unified demographic who became more endowed to handle the high tensions between them and the white segregationists. After World War II, protests began to rise between the 1950’s and 1960’s. The large number of blacks that served in the military or worked in the war industry saw that they had a greater place in the world than they had been given inRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1623 Words   |  7 Pages African Americans were brought to America during the colonial days by Britain, before the civil war, as slaves. They were the foundation of slave economy, being auctioned off and sold, with no thought given to their opinions, families, or lives. Throughout American history, African Americans have slowly fought their way towards where they are today. Their fight has developed into the Civil Rights Movement in the 1900s. Many historians would agree that the start of the Civil Rights Movement happenedRead MoreThe African American Civil Rights Movement756 Words   |  4 PagesAnother significant circumstance was the African-American civil rights movement in US in those years. Until the age of eighteen, he had never thought about ethnicity or cultural differences. After 1968, African-American movement turned to be seen in Milwaukee. He met with Father Grouppi*, but he did not support him and his followers. For a long time, he had not appreciated the African American civil rights movemen t. Moreover, he would think that this movement aggravates the racial segregation in societyRead MoreAfrican American Civil Rights Movement1525 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing World War I, a new, militant spirit of resistance and activism burgeoned among African-American citizens across the United States. Empowered by the sense that blacks had played a crucial role in the conflict, the descendants of freedmen returned home to fight for their own rights only to find persecution; this dire situation called for immediate, decisive action. During the interwar years, African Americans in the southwest Georgia Black Belt fought for community empowerment and, through theRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement Essay2200 Words   |  9 Pagesequal rights. A perfect example of racial brutality was the summer of 1955 when Emmett Till was brutally murdered by two white men. This murder case promptly seized the attention of millions and modified the history of the United States. The Emmett Till murder case established itself as a defining event in the United States history because it became a spark to the Civil Rights movement, transformed people’s hearts and minds into realizing how dangerous segregation was, and it proved how African AmericansRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1531 Words   |  7 Pagesstates for African Americans in the 1960, although it has been nearly 100 years since the Emancipation Proclamation. African Americans were still segregated from classrooms, restrooms, theatres, etc. due to â€Å"Jim Crow† laws; and in 1954, the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine was struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court. For hundreds of years African Americans fought for their civil rights, desegregation, and basic human rights. One significant movement in history that was major for the Civil Rights Movement

The Music Industry in the Digital Age free essay sample

The Music Industry In a Digital Age Table of Contents * Report Justification * Summary * Introduction * Main Body * Conclusion * Bibliography Report Justification As multimedia students we have become accustom to the changing technology around us. We are always at the forefront of fads and changes. In terms of music most people carry around with them an pod or some form of MPH player. In 2006 46. 6 million pods alone were sold by Apple. In the same year illegal downloads skyrocketed to 6 billion, a 47% Increase from the previous year.The available of free music and the move to MPH players show that there will soon no longer be any room for cads. Sadly this means that analog artwork will also be lost, unless artists provide a different means to gaining their artwork. This particular topic Is of interest to us as we have seen the transformation of the music tape, to cads and now MPH. We will write a custom essay sample on The Music Industry in the Digital Age or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even back when tapes were popular people were still getting music for free. It was so easy to record songs off the radio onto tape. Perhaps as humans it was inevitable that we would always find a way of getting products for free.It seems like the music industry Is constantly changing and remains a very large part of our digital culture. Here Is a poll we took on faceable to find out Just how many people are still buying physical copys of their music. A total of 50 people took this pole. Only 2 people answered that they still buy vinyl, the same for buying cads and for downloading Illegally. So a huge 88% of people are downloading illegally. They commented on using such torrent sites such as shunt and pirates. Some people said they download directly off youth using various youth to MPH converters.Some people download off concluded. This is where artists upload their own music and can choose whether or not to make it a free download for people. The digital age has redefined the nature of work for many people the world over. The online revolution has changed the way we communicate, shop and seek entertainment. One industry that has been most effected by this is the music industry. From its beginning the music industry it has faced many new technologies that threatened its existence. With the invention of the phonograph in 1877 musicians feared that people would be discouraged from attending live references.Record companies feared that the introduction of music radio would kill record sales and in with the advent of the cassette in the asss it was not uncommon to see Home taping is killing music in magazines ads. With each technological innovation, music became more accessible and more lucrative than ever. By 1999 the music industry had become a $15 billion a year giant. This would be the last time the music industry would see such profits. Music is alive and well, even if the music industry is not.More people than ever before are listening to music, research shows that music consumers of today do not Penn less money on music compared to a decade ago, they simply spend that money differently, attending to more live events and music festivals than purchasing physical or virtual music. The knock on effect of digital music has made the music industry change its business model. Before the internet a hand full of large corporations controlled the industry, piping heavily marketed recordings by superstar artists through a few radio chains and Motto the public.Introduction In this report we are highlighting the fact that we no longer have to pay for music. Even small artists will know the effects of this once they put a song up on youth. We will address this issue at the expense of the artists who arent getting any income from their music being downloaded. At our own faults we are loosing out on what comes with the album. We no longer get the artwork, the lyrics and often we do not play the album in the sequence it was intended for. The availability of music now is making the impact of music far less. People often download from youth and what they get is terrible quality songs.Something that we often wonder in todays world is what is the point of having expensive headphones if you are going to use them for rebel quality downloads. In fact it is like a child that has too many sweets, eventually they wont be a treat anymore. Its true that many of us have so much songs in our tunes library that there may be some music that we have never even listened to. Although album artwork is available digitally like on the tunes store. What you get is the cover picture and many people who download illegally will not get a cover album with their music. People are less aware of what they are listening to now more than ever.We find out if there are ways and means of bringing back artwork to the people. Original artwork seems more at home now in art gallerys themselves. In general musicians will have to work a lot harder with gigs and shows to make a living. At the same time more people would go to shows as more people Nil have access to their music. Main Body: ere industry Record stores are seeing huge losses in sales due to the availability of free music. HIM are the biggest retail chain in Ireland for music. In 2004 they pulled out of the US Market due to lack of sales. CD sales in general declined by 50% between 2000 and 2009. Cads will soon be obsolete.However there seems to be a niche market for mainly sales. Vinyl sales seem to be on the increase. So far in 2012 we have seen an increase of 10% in vinyl sales. There are various reasons why people still use record players. It gives a sense of nostalgia that is lost in todays world of technology. The sound quality is incomparable to MPH songs. A record player is tangible, this idea of substance is something we are trying to bring back to the technology we use everyday. Some people Just like to be retro. Anapest 1999 saw the launch of Anapest, the first peer-to-peer music file sharing service, the beginning of global online music piracy.Anapest provided users with a platform here they could share their music for free. This of course snowballed until the music industry took action and shut Anapest down in 2001. But the seed had been planted. Copycat file sharing sites began popping up across the Internet, which soon became the bit-torrents we know today. From 1999 to 2009 the music industry saw a decrease in revenue from $15 Billion per year to $6. 3 Billion. With the advent of MPH players and a computer in every home there was no doubt that digital music was here to stay.New Technology has meant that more people are listening to music Han ever before, this has lead to record companies no longer maintaining full control over the artist/industry. The internet has made it possible for artists to market directly to the consumer who can obtain the artist content for free or for a nominal fee. Torrents Torrents are hugely to blame for the fall of analog music sales. They are unpopular Ninth copyright authorities but much loved by millions of users around the world. Torrent networking is the most popular activity on the Internet today.Today there is an amount of safety apparent when downloading torrent files. Users will usually Nard you if a file is fake or corrupt. No single person benefits from the profits of torrent success as it is open-source, advertising-free, and Edward/sparer-free. Pirates. Org is one of the largest torrent sites. To avoid police raids The Pirate Bay has migrated operation from its physical servers to the cloud. Even if law the end as a spokesperson for Pirate Bay explains. If one cloud-provider cuts us off, goes offline or goes bankrupt, we can Just buy new virtual servers from the next provider. Downloading music like torrents is helped by widespread high speed WI FL. In Rainbows he release of Arrowheads album In Rainbows shocked people as the release was only announced a week beforehand and it was completely free. The individual was given a choice to make a donation for the album download or to download it for free. Although many people downloaded it the average value of each album came to EH. ere album gained so much attention because bands that are as successful as Radioed are never seen to be giving away their product for free. This is much unlike artists such as Metallic and DRP.Drew who rant about torrents saying that people shouldnt be getting music for free. It gave Radioed complete control over their product as it didnt go through any record company. Other bands started learning from this. Trend Rezone, the lead singer of Nine Inch Nails, liked this idea so much he donated $5,000 towards the album. Nine Inch Nails brought out an album free to download soon after this and The Raconteurs started releasing music only a eek after it was announced. This creates much more excitement and anticipation than a very long release.Another point about In Rainbows was that none of the songs were even released as singles beforehand. This act gives us a lot of insight as to what might come of the music industry in terms of distribution in the future. No room for discs ere compact disc is almost obsolete. A lot of laptops and desktops are being made without disc drives. This includes notebooks, Apples new macro pros and soon to be imams. These laptops are a lot thinner and lighter although some people may be cautious about buying if they dont have a disc drive.Most of us today rarely use our disc drives, so it isnt much of an Issue but rather a natural progression. In fact everything that takes discs will soon be gone. The new Oxbow will have no disc drive, instead a storage card will be used and everything will be downloaded. The day of the CD player is gone and replaced by the docking station, Bluetooth and WI FL connected speakers. Even your home hi FL system works as a dock or as a Nerveless system. Cd players are still available in pawn shop and other second hand shops. People still have CD players lurking in their homes usually Just for a spare radio in the garage or kitchen.As MPH players soon replaced personal CD players, docking stations are soon to completely replace CD players. Music promotion There is more and more movement towards free music entertainment for people. Promotion nights such as Murphys Big Night Out and Heinlein Live Project are well Inebriates for free and people are then chosen at random to receive the tickets for these events. They take place all over the country. Its not Just alcohol companies taking advantage of such advertisement. These type of events have become Increasingly popular in the past few years. TV channels such as MATT made their secret gigs quite popular.The key is to advertise the band beforehand but not the time and place until the last minute. In fact in the Scott Pilgrim movie the whole aim of the movie is to get to a secret gig, which the group of friends Just found out about. A few ways in which people are contacted would be by text message or email. It gives the spotlight to the organizers or the company involved but more importantly the musician. Today a more chaotic brand of self-marketing has emerged, fueled by Twitter, Faceable, Concluded and Youth. The roles have changed; the artist is now has more control than ever before.With the advent of relatively low cost recording technology it is possible to record, master, distribute and promote music from ones terror. Music created by smaller, less known artists is almost seen as a promotional tool to entice audiences to their live shows. Larger, better-known artist are now spending more time on the road than in the studio. A great emphasis is placed on the live show with stage setups becoming more elaborate, artists such as Ammo Dobbin, Archie Haitian, Nicolas Ajar and Tremolos create rich multimedia visual installations to entice concertgoers. He digital age has also changed the way in which the consumer is involved with the medium; no longer a faceless marketing demographic to which products are sold; hey have become more like co-conspirators with the artist. They have become viral advocates for artists, sharing music across their social networks, promoting new and obscure genres, participating in remixes and videos, and in turn helping shape artists careers. Theyre invested in music personally in a way that wasnt possible a decade ago. In a surprising shift, vinyl records have seen a 60% rise in sales in the past 4 years.Since the beginning of digital music vinyl advocates have expressed their distaste for the sound quality from the compressed lousy MPH format. This raises the question of yuccas music vs. digital. Consumers seem to have no qualms with investing in vinyl, as its a tangible, physical artifact that they own. ere Future of the Industry/Conclusion En are beginning to see a legal subscription trend within both the online movie industry and the music industry. As cloud technology evolves it is believed that there Nil be less emphasis on storing digital content on machines that Spottily is the subscription powerhouse of the modern music industry.Subscribers pay a small anti-piracy artists such as Metallic and 1. 12 have featured on the site since its beginning in Sweden in 2007. Spottily has become the worlds second largest contributor to major music labels topped only by tunes. Spottily allows the user to create and share playbills with people who subscribe to the service. You can also access your account from their smartened app, making hoarding of digital music on [Our personal machine a thing of the past. At this stage its impossible to predict the end of piracy, with the very nature of bit torrents it will be next to impossible to stop the free-for-all online music market.The music industry will have to change its model if its to generate sizeable revenues from chital music in the future. Record companies that release content on vinyl have begun offering customers digital rewards for supporting the analogue medium, whether its a piece of digital art, unreleased material or a digital copy of the album Just purchased, its a pretty progressive step. This model could also be adapted to merchandise, unique download codes attached to band memorabilia where the consumer can access musical content. En will never see another group as big as the Battles, 1. 12 are probable the last global powerhouse band.

The culture of Britishness what role does language Essay Example For Students

The culture of Britishness what role does language Essay There is the question of the role of dialects, and indeed other languages, in British national identities that challenge the uniformity of the language. For Fairclough (1992:202) there is now a growing acceptance of accent and style variation in the language of Britain, a phenomenon that leads to an even greater emphasis on internal national differentiation. For Wallwork (1978:31) processes of differentiation involved in the everyday production of language have long been used to assign social standings to individuals and groups. We will write a custom essay on The culture of Britishness what role does language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Perhaps the differences that occur in regional and social class dialects have traditionally been the most widely investigated (Edwards, 1976:23), but there is a growing trend towards studying other sub-forms of language, particularly those associated with ethnic groupings in the UK. Edwards (ibid:27) suggests, in line with Wallwork, that speech differences often help to locate the speaker in the appropriate social strata. This process of locating can be applied to people of various ages, genders, ethnic groups and social classes. In fact anyone who speaks can be socially located, through his or her use of language, in Britain today. An extreme example of this is found when a recent immigrant, with little or no knowledge of English, is immediately identified as a foreign other. There are, however, a multitude of other individuals and groups that maintain and adapt their otherness in terms of language in different ways. These people challenge the assumptions involved in some aspects of Britishness, by not only integrating some of their own cultural style and speech into everyday British language types, but also by switching their own use of language in response to the environments that they find themselves in (Wallwork, 1978:61). Such a phenomenon is witnessed in Britain by the adaptation of Afro-Caribbean Creole languages in day-to-day life. This creolised form of speech has been associated with bad English, in that it is often taken as a dialect of the standard form, but for Wallwork (ibid:64) it is unintelligible to most other English speakers. The fact that some Caribbean Creole languages are in fact derived, in part, from French further supports the argument that it is a language that is as different from English, as Italian is to Spanish (ibid). For the original immigrants who spoke Creole in the UK, it served as a one of the processes by which they were viewed as others by many in the white population. Dabydeen (1990:306) argues that the perception of a different culture coming into Britain, displayed by, amongst other factors, the strange otherness of speech, led to a continuation of the contempt for black culture that had been witnessed in colonial times. In response to this the children of these original immigrants adapted their parents Creole into an urban patois, which Dabydeen (ibid) sees as resistance to white domination. A similar response can be seen in reggae sound systems that use, or deliberately misuse, western technologies in order to re-create an essentially black phenomenon. By adapting and re-ordering Standard English through the medium of their parents Creole speech, young blacks are reacting against the dismissals of white language and all that it entails (ibid:307). The link between language and music can be seen in the 1970s and 1980s with the increased popularity of reggae music, as well as the Ras Tafari philosophy associated with it. By adopting this particular style, many young British-born Caribbeans also practiced the Jamaican patois that many of its practitioners spoke, and so the various Creoles of the Caribbean were gradually substituted for a more British-Jamaican form (Pollard, 1994). For Sebba and Tate (2002:78) this reason, alongside a shared experience of blackness in the UK, meant that the cultural expression found in the Jamaican based patois speech, was utilised by many in British-Caribbean communities, regardless of their origin. .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .postImageUrl , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:hover , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:visited , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:active { border:0!important; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:active , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare and Contrast Plessy V. Ferguson and Brown V. Board of Education EssayAnother point here is that localised forms of English dialect are also used, and these are often interchanged with the patois depending on the nature of the conversation taking place. This represents an important factor in the use of language with regards to nation and culture, in that there exists a duality of British-Caribbean identities (ibid:77). Young blacks in particular may adopt the patois style when addressing each other in what can be said to be a discursive performance, and this also may be the case when attempting to achieve a local identity, such as in the workplace. The use language in this case is one that displays both local and global, or pan-Caribbean, identities. For British-Caribbeans, regional English dialects are used to designate the local, of being British, whereas the use of patois indicates a more global, but at the same time ethnic, identity (ibid:80). This is one particular example of where language is a key factor in constructing both ethnic and national identities in British society. In conclusion, language is used in order to both separate and unite people in social activities, and is therefore a vital method of categorisation in human behaviour. The term language can be used in a number of different ways. It can be a set of grammatical laws, something that has aesthetic value, or simply used as a metaphor. In terms of their application languages can aid the construction of identity, in that they mark out the other in terms of what belongs and what does not. In this sense languages can be associated with a particular locations, and so they are closely linked to ideas of the nation-state. Such nation-states often represent a hegemonic struggle that is bound up with the need for a formal grammar when communicating, and this was the case with the rise of English in the UK and its various colonies. In a manner that sought to cultivate both respect and prestige, English became a language of commerce and industry, as well as representing high culture and politics in the regions where it was spoken. The rise of English as a dominant British language, has seen the decline of other British languages, despite attempts to revive them, and also the Anglicisation of many colonies. In recent years, however, the way in which English has come to embody British national identity has been challenged by both the influx of other languages, and the threat to the standardisation of the language from new forms and styles of speech. The process of differentiation that allows English to demarcate the other is being adapted, as demonstrated by the British-Caribbean example, in order to deal with the multiple identities that exist within Britain today. The way in which language has affected such identities is therefore crucial to any notions of culture and nation in Britain. References Algeo, J. 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(1992) .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .postImageUrl , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:hover , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:visited , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:active { border:0!important; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:active , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespear Essay SummaryDiscourse and Social Change Cambridge: Polity Press Fishman, J. (1972) Language and Nationalism: Two Integrative Essays Rowley, MA: Newbury House Kachru, B. B. (1986) The Alchemy of English in Burke, L. , Crowley, T. and Girvin, A. (2000) (Eds) The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory reader London: Routledge Milroy, J. (1992) Linguistic Variation and Change Oxford: Basil Blackwell Paulin, T. (1983) A New Look at the Language Question in Burke, L. , Crowley, T.and Girvin, A. (2000) (Eds) The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory reader London: Routledge Pollard, V. (1994) Dread Talk Kingston, Jamaica: Canoe Press Sapir, E. (1933) Language cited in Downes, W. (1998) (2nd Ed. ) Language and Society Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Sebba, M. Tate, S. (2002) Global and Local Identities in the discourses of British-born Caribbeans The International Journal of Bilingualism, Vol. 6, No. 1 Stewart, W. A. 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